Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Canavalia seed extract in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells

Introduction and Aim: Concanavalin the lectin from Canavalia spp. share high structural similarity among same taxon exhibit wide range of biological functions. The antiproliferative activity lectins ConA (C. ensiformis), ConC cathartica), ConG gladiata) ConM rosea) were studied in human colon carcinoma. 
 Materials Methods: Human carcinoma HT-29 cells normal kidney HEK293T examined. cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis analyzed AO-EB (acridine orange-ethidium bromide dual staining) method. cycle investigated flow cytometry (RNase-propidium iodide-based cytometry). expression cell signaling genes qRT-PCR.
 Results: All concanavalins significantly inhibited proliferation dose-dependent manner (IC50 values ConG-10.45, ConA-14.86, ConC-33.34 ConM-48.98 µg/mL respectively). induced apoptotic morphology without affecting cells. Similarly, both increased sub-G0/G1 proportions dose-dependently. showed down-regulation AKT1, ERK1/2 mutant p53 Conclusion: extract is shown to possess cytotoxic effect through inducing apoptosis, especially causing arrest at G0/G1 phase